RESEARCH EXCELLENCE INITIATIVE<\/span><\/small><\/strong><\/p>\n FREEDOM OF RESEARCH \u2013 SCIENCE FOR THE FUTURE<\/span><\/small><\/strong><\/p>\n \n<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div> \u201eFreedom of research \u2013 science for the future\u201d series consists of articles, interviews and short videos presenting research conducted by the winners of \u201eFreedom of research\u201d call for proposals<\/p>\n \n<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>[vc_btn title=”“FREEDOM OF RESEARCH \u2013 SCIENCE FOR THE FUTURE“ SERIES” style=”classic” shape=”square” color=”blue” size=”sm” align=”right” css=”.vc_custom_1622186095235{margin-top: 4px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;border-right-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;}” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fus.edu.pl%2Finicjatywadoskonalosci%2Fswoboda-badan-nauka-dla-przyszlosci%2F|||”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1622185775617{margin-bottom: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}”]<\/p>\n Gabriela Besler, PhD, DLitt, Associate Professor\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner css=”.vc_custom_1620304473772{margin-top: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}”][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][vc_empty_space height=”2px” css=”.vc_custom_1620304425731{background-color: #9b132a !important;}”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]\r\n \n<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n |Katarzyna Sto\u0142piec|<\/p>\n For over 20 years, Gabriela Besler, PhD, DLitt, Associate Professor from the Faculty of Humanities has been exploring the phenomenon of philosophical, logical, and mathematical analyses of Gottlob Frege, a German professor of mathematics. Frege lived at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, and in the world of science his logic is deemed \u201cthe second after Aristotle.\u201d Prof. G. Besler, an expert in the analytic philosophy, says: \u201cAlthough there is a lot of books on Frege, when I was preparing the Polish edition of his abundant correspondence, I discovered that there are many threads nobody has yet dealt with. Among them is not thoroughly explored cooperation between Frege and Italian mathematicians Giuseppe Peano and Giovani Vailati, which I am very passionate about.\u201d<\/p>\n \u201cHe was a modest and quiet scholar who gave rise to a completely new view of logic and philosophy. Many thinkers contemporary of him did not appreciate his innovative views. Fortunately, their critical position did not deter Frege from pursuing his genius, which has shaped an analytic philosophy, a breakthrough current well-known in world literature, especially in English,\u201d says the scientist from the University of Silesia.<\/p>\n The main interest of Frege was the foundations of mathematics. Throughout the majority of his life, he tried to define what a number is, and on this basis build a logical basis of natural number arithmetic. Frege made extensive use of philosophical considerations in developing his theories. \u201cAlthough he did not study philosophy before (he only attended two philosophy courses), he was using it intuitively. He single-handedly developed philosophical terms, which are crucial in analytic philosophy, especially in language philosophy. He introduced simple distinctions, yet very useful in this area. For instance, he distinguished sense from reference. He treated the sentence, not its elements, as the basic elements of the language. Thus, he formulated the principle of extensionality, allowing such changes of expressions within a given sentence so that its logical value (true or false) would not change,\u201d says the scientist.<\/p>\n \u201cThe category of truth and false is broadly present until nowadays. It is not only logic, philosophy, or mathematics, but computer science as well. It is assumed that the truth is more important than the falsehood, but in logic, the falsehood is equally relevant and interesting as truth. A statement that a certain logical formula is false is concrete information,\u201d explains Prof. G. Besler.<\/p>\n Frege was an idealist, he believed in \u201cthe third kingdom,\u201d which he characterised as an ideal realm, which contains a collection of indisputable and invincible truths and falsehoods. A human has got limited cognitive access to \u201cthe third kingdom.\u201d This concept was approved and developed by other scientists, e.g. Karl Popper.<\/p>\n \n<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n Facsimile of the letter that appeared for the first time in the Polish translation of Frege’s correspondence: \n<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n Another important programme developed by the mathematician was logicism. \u201cIts father is deemed to be Gottfried Leibniz, its development however is credited to Frege,\u201d states the scientist. \u201cAccording to his view, the logical terms and procedures are to be the basis for defining essential mathematics terms. But it was not the only concept adopted from Leibniz. Frege believed that science should have one language common to all fields of science. It was to be universal, simple, and at the same time give the possibility for \u201creckoning.\u201d Gottlob deemed his logic as such a language. Unfortunately, the language of records he used did not come into common use. The postulate of creating an ideal language was very common in Frege’s time. Ludwik Zamenhof was doing it as well, and he created Esperanto. In history, there is no scientist who was always successful. There is no doubt that the innovative view on logic and mathematics, Frege\u2019s persistence and hard-working, contributed greatly to the development of many fields of science.<\/p>\n The current research carried out by Prof. G. Besler revolves around Frege’s cooperation with Italian mathematicians. \u201cWith me as a co-editor, in 2020 a 600-page publication Gottlob Frege. Korespondencja naukowa. Wydanie krytyczne<\/em> was published. It also contains Frege\u2019s correspondence with the mathematicians from Turin, Giuseppe Peano and Giovanni Vailati. When I was reading the letters, which included Frege and Peano\u2019s comparisons of logic systems, I have found many threads nobody had written about yet. I would like to discuss this area. I collected a lot of materials, gathered interesting foreign contacts and I hope that, following Frege\u2019s footsteps, I will establish equally productive cooperation on my own,\u201d sums up the scientist.<\/p>\n Prof. Gabriela Besler plans to publish the results of her research in the History and Philosophy of Logic<\/em> journal.<\/p>\n \n<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" [vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/3″ css=”.vc_custom_1620308023905{background-color: #eaeaea !important;}”][vc_btn title=”“FREEDOM OF RESEARCH \u2013 SCIENCE FOR THE FUTURE“ SERIES” style=”classic” shape=”square” color=”blue” size=”sm” align=”right” css=”.vc_custom_1622186095235{margin-top: 4px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;border-right-width: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;}” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fus.edu.pl%2Finicjatywadoskonalosci%2Fswoboda-badan-nauka-dla-przyszlosci%2F|||”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1622185775617{margin-bottom: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}”] Gabriela Besler, PhD, DLitt, Associate Professor\u00a0 [\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner css=”.vc_custom_1620304473772{margin-top: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;padding-top: […]<\/p>\n
\nThe scientific phenomenon of Gottlob Frege<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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\n<\/span>G. Frege, Korespondencja naukowa. Wydanie krytyczne<\/span><\/em>. Development of the Polish edition and verification of the translation: Gabriela Besler, Joanna Zwierzy\u0144ska. The University of Silesia Press, 2020, pp. 37-67. Katowice.
\nLicence CC0 1.0 | Source: www.ub.uni-leipzig.de<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n